Braving the Economic Slowdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Braving the Economic Slowdown - Essay Example Threats to the company must be identified and the major challenges must be addressed in order to secure the future and continual operation of the company. The cash flows of the company must be properly monitored and strategies must be formulated in order to avoid long maturing investments as these are the ones which carry very large risks for failure. The top management and leadership of the company must be quick and decisive in order to allow the implementation of changes to be successful. This paper presents what strategies needs to be implemented for the year in order for the company to achieve better competency and survival while also maintaining and ensuring the future of the company Braving the Economic Slowdown: Analysis and Strategy Development Introduction In light with the global business crisis and the reduced economic activities, the company needs to tread carefully on the ventures and strategies for its operational aspects. Times like these call for more precise decision making and planning so as not to waste even more precious resources and advantages, lest the company fail like many others in this recession. But in order to have a better grasp of the situation, we must first delve into understanding the nature of such crisis in order to determine and identify the threats and major challenges that the company is and will be facing. Therefore, the background of the crisis and the global entities and sectors that are most vulnerable should also be recognized. Limiting factors and hindrances should also be put into

Law Suit Recommendation Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Suit Recommendation Paper - Assignment Example In fact, this organization will easily argue that it steered clear of wrongful dismissal by providing the physician with the 4-month notice. Likewise, termination without cause allows the employer to terminate employment contracts when the organization has ascertained that employee’s services have become redundant. This provision clearly acknowledges the applicability of economic re-organization; and it is indeed true that the concerned department is undergoing some restructuring. The problem with this court approach is that up to now, there are no deliberations on the remittances that are to be made as the physician’s emoluments. So far this termination may be rightly defended as a constructive dismissal, but this failure to pay the physician in advance amounts to wrongful dismissal. This organization may wrongly surmise that it is legally in charge; only to be undercut by the state-specific at-will employment laws. It is therefore expedient for the organization to determine whether or not it is in a state where at-will employment laws are in force, before agreeing for a court settlement. Conversely, this organization can consider arbitration. The pros that come with using arbitration are extraneous to the details of this case. For instance, by settling for arbitration, this organization will have relegated the rigors of arbitration to its arbiter, and thereby warding off distraction (Macklin, 2005). As is always the case, when suing for wrongful termination or discharge, the physician will not be in contact with the institution. Although this makes the case very unpredictable for the healthcare institution, yet arbitration wards off this danger. This is because arbiters (the company’s and the plaintiff’s lawyers) will have to work together to reach a solution. This is especially the case when evidence will be being adduced. Nevertheless, this organization must prepare itself for the pitfalls of

Primary Education In The UK And Spain

Primary Education In The UK And Spain Primary Education is an important topic to be discussed and analysed, since it is the basis of our societys formation, being thus decisive for our childrens future. This essay is entitled Primary Education in the U.K. and Spain: a comparison and it focuses on explaining some of the main matters concerning both systems. It is first of all focused on explaining some topics related to primary education in the United Kingdom including two paragraphs. The first one a historical background, proves to be the base of todays structure which may help us clarify todays structure, which the topic of the second paragraph. This is followed by two clone paragraphs applied to Spanish primary education. The last two paragraphs concentrate on the use and importance of ICT in primary education in both systems. The essay is concluded establishing an overall comparison between both systems. According to Denis Haye in his book Primary Education: the Key Concepts, British primary education and its structure find its roots deep in history, in the middle ages. It has been stated by some historians that English education began in AD 597 with the establishment of the cathedral of Canterbury by St Augustine. In the end of the seventeenth century education belonged to the church which promoted Christian knowledge, by creating its own schools. At the same time there were pioneers such as Robert Raikes, Charles Gordon and the welsh Charles of Bala, who believed in a connection between social action and education. The first publicly funded schools appeared in the mid-nineteenth century and aimed to offer Christian education to poor children. From this time on, the control of education starts switching little by little from the church to the state. Furthermore, between 1846 and 1848 in Wales, the Welsh Education Committee and the Cambrian Society both evolving into national schools , were formed. In the nineteenth century it is important to highlight the education act of 1872, since it lead to many advances in primary education, not only affecting the labouring classes as was happening in other parts of the country. The 1944s education act was decisive because from this time on, education was free of charge and relied on voluntary provision. It is known by the introduction of three kinds of schools: grammar schools, modern schools and Technical schools. The year 1988, saw the introduction of the nation curriculum including a selection of subjects such as maths, science English and religious education. From 2010, teaching foreign languages is also a compulsory part of the curriculum. In order to explain the base of todays primary education in the UK, it is necessary to go back to the twentieth century, when there were many important changes in primary education. Among these, stands out the introduction of the national curriculum in English mainstream schools. In this author words, during the twentieth century, it was also thought to be decisive an agreement about the need for a general education for children up to the age of 11, this being followed by a subject-specific teaching up to the age of 16 and a selection of specialist subjects thereafter. Due to the national curriculum, from the beginning of the 21st century most primary schools in the UK currently accept children from 5 to 11 years old. As Denis states, there is also a tiny number of schools designated deemed middle (ages 8 to 12 or 9 to 13) and first when they educate children from 5 to 8 or 9. To explain todays structure it is also important to focus on the types of schools that can currently be found in the UK. As the Department of Education reports, they can be divided into 3 main groups: mainstream state schools, specialist schools, state schools with particular characteristics and independent schools. To the first group belong Community schools, which are often run by a local authority and aim to develop strong links with the local community, providing services  like childcare and adult learning classes. Trust schools as well as Voluntary-controlled and voluntary-aided schools are owed by a charitable foundation, which employs the staff and sets the admissions criteria. Academies, faith schools, city technology colleges, community and foundation special schools, grammar schools and maintained boarding schools can be found in the second group. The third group is formed by Independent schools which have their own admission policies and curriculum. Spanish primary education, as the rest of the developed nations, it finds its roots in the XIX century. Many factors can be identified as those which influenced the rise during this century of specifically educative establishments aiming to reach a growing proportion of the population. The Apparition of the national states is indeed the most notorious factor, since it puts the Old Regime to an end while at the same time instruction is seen as a mean reinforcing its unity. Thus, education is considered to be from this time on, a public affair that has to be organised and controlled by the state which regulates its legal and administrative processes. To understand the current Spanish primary education, it is important to focus on three relevant education laws, well-known for their impact on the system. The commonly referred as the Moyano Law was decreed in 1857 in a context of socio-economic crisis, This law consisted on a legislative initiative carried out by the politician Carlos Moy ano whose main aim was to improve the deplorable condition of education at that time, decreasing thus the analphabetism average in the country. Education was divided in two stages: elementary (6-12 years old) and superior (9-12). Primary education was compulsory until the age of 12 and free of charge for those who could not afford it. According to the web page State Univeristy.com, it also marked the foundation of privet schools in Spain at that time owned by the Catholic Church. Just one year after the 1944s British education act, the 1945s law was decreed in the historical context of post-war and in the ideological context of national Catholicism. Its main objective was to orientate the student in accordance with their aptitudes to the working life. Born in the context of democracy, the 1990s law of education aimed to impart an equal instruction in order to allow pupils to acquire basic cultural elements, to wit: oral expression, reading, writing and arithmetic calculi. It divided education into tree periods: the first stage (from6 to 8 years old), second (8-10) and third (10-12). To explain the structure of todays primary education in Spain, it is important to go back to the year 2006, when the fundamental law of education also known as LOE or Ley Organica de Educacià ³n was decreed. This law established a compulsory education from 6 to 16 year-old children. While in the UK children start their primary education at the age of 5, Spanish children start going to school at the age of 6. Also it is important to mention that most pupils attend pre-schools from 3 to 5 years of age. Most of these nursery schools in most cases belong to the same centre of education. According to the famous online encyclopedia known as Wikipedia, primary education in Spain can be divided into three cycles: the first cycle includes pupils from 6 to 7 years of age, the second 8-9 and the third 10 to 11. Focusing on the Spanish national curriculum, compulsory subjects are: Spanish language and Literature, Art, Mathematics, Physical Education, Natural and social sciences both included in a subject called Conocimiento Del Medio and English or French. Many state schools have an agreement with the British Council making the study of English compulsory from the age of 6. Although in the United Kingdom there a several types of schools, in Spain most of them can be grosso modo divided into three groups: public or state schools, privet schools or semi-privet schools also referred in Spanish as concertado schools. As happens in the UK, state schools are funded by the government and therefore they are free for those living in the country. These cannot be freely selected, as the children are allocated the closest school to their home. According to Maurice Hamlin in his web page practicalspain.com, semi-privet or concertado schools are similar to the Britishs grant maintained schools since they receive subsidies by the government being education thus, provided free of charge. Most of them are run by a religious order e.g. the Salesians of Don Bosco, and pupils usually wear un iforms. Privet and International schools in Spain are becoming more popular. According to the Article Living and Working in Spain they provide a more relaxed environment offering a wider range of subjects and an international approach. Another important aspect to be analysed, is the use of the information and communication technologies in British and Spanish Schools. According to the British Department of Education, information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools can improve the quality of teaching, learning and management in schools and so help raise standards. In order to evaluate the use of ITC in primary schools The Education and Training inspectorate published in 2002 a report in which some of the main strengths of the use of new technologies are highlighted. As this report states, integrating the ICT in the national curriculum supports both teaching and learning. The quality of planning for ICT is proved to be satisfactory or better in 70 % of the schools inspected and in most schools the quality of teaching and pupils experiences are proved to be satisfactory, including a wide range of ICT applications among which stands out the use of word processing. Learning to use Microsoft Words spell check, digital cameras, create an maintain a web page, sending a forwarding e-mails, burning a cd, as well as learning how to control multi-media and database software are indeed but a few other applications in schools. As this study proves, ICT has also a very positive reaction on children by increasing their motivation towards learning in general; as the report states children have high levels of interest and enthusiasm in their work in ICT being motivated by the inclusion of ICT in their lessons. It is a fact that there are an increasing number of schools that are incorporating ICT not only as a subject in the national curriculum but as a way to make the other lessons lighter and more amusing to children. According to an article written by Sophie Borland and published in the newspaper The Daily Mail there are even some schools in the UK who have decided to turn a P.E. lesson into a Wii class in order to motivate and boost their enthusiasm for sport. To do this, Borland says, the newly approved by Department of Health Wifit Plus is used in the class involving a variety of fineness activities. Even though this article received very positive reviews there are some people like the spokesman of the Department of Children, Schools and Families who states there is always a place for innovative exercises if they do not replace traditional ones. Another school in the UK, according to the education editor Graeme Paton, is to include the use of the so-called social network Twitter as pa rt of their curriculum. All children, the author states, will be taught how to use webcams, podcasts as well as blogs. Pupils in this school will be expected develop an understanding of different ways to communicate online. Improving keyboard skills, using websites such as the online dictionary Wikipedia and learning how to employ spell-checkers will also form part of the biggest overhaul of lessons for 20 years. As happens in the United Kingdom, Spanish new generation of children are marked by the information and communication technologies which are gaining each year a greater importance in the education policy. The inclusion of the ICT in Spanish education system finds its roots in the European initiative e-Europe which motivated the creation of the Special committee of study for the Development of the Information Society in Spain (CDSI) by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of the conclusion of the CDSI can be applied to education. According to this committee the use of the new technologies should be present in all subjects as part of the national curriculum and in the relationship between teachers and pupils and all the members of the educative community. The presence of ICT in Spanish primary schools can be clearly perceived in the autonomous community Extremadura which is considered to be a pioneer in this field. According to the secretary of ICT in the education polity of the autonomous government of Extremadura Junta de Extremadura, this region started the project of including the information and communication technologies in education in the year 1999, when the Strategic Plan for the development of technology in society was presented and the educational sector was considered to be the main pillar of that development. This moment marks the appearance of ICT in Extremaduran classrooms. What is probably the most outstanding fact is that, this region decided to develop free software equally configurable and adaptable. A new operative system called gnu/LinEx which would offer an enormous variety of applications in order to fulfill the necessities of all kind of users and a great diversity of tools for its use inside the classroom. Furthermore, in the academic year 2002/2003, an initiative was carried out in all Extremaduran high schools which consisted on transforming regular classrooms into technological classrooms by introducing a computer for each two s tudents. Also, todays schools in the region have at least one electronic blackboard, together with a projector, a computer and an interactive pad. The creation of the specific operative system LinEx must be adapted to a didactic and pedagogical extent. This is why a new variation of this operative system has been installed in all the schools of Extremadura. According to the autonomous communitys government LinEx Schools as it is called, offers the pupil an friendly and motivating environment adapted to their intellectual development. Together with LinEx, it is important to highlight the development of the educative platform Rayuela. As if it was a social network, this platform is an advanced system of information that allows a real-time communication between teachers and parents by using the Internet. It also has a database with allows all Extremenian students to have a single Digital Academic Record until they finish high school. Thus, teachers are able to access all the informatio n about the educative course of their pupils (calcifications, assistance and observances) in order to offer them an individualized treatment. To conclude this essay, I must say that as both educational systems belong to a globalised world and concretely to the European Union, they share indeed some similitudes and the two last paragraphs are an example of this statement. Among other minor differences British primary education probably differs from the Spanish one in what in my opinion, is its main strength: the diversity of schools offered which allows parents to have a greater choice. 2.500 words.

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs Tar

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs' Tarzan Human nature is one of self-awareness. Because of that awareness, it is necessary for us to define ourselves by looking at the world around us and deciding what groups we fall into, and what groups we do not. Those groups we feel a part of become a safe haven, and those groups we feel separated from are seen as foreign, exotic, dangerous, or even subhuman. â€Å"The Other† must exist for human beings to define themselves individually. Our recognition of our differences in relation to others gives us our humanity and our individuality. But our curiosity about The Other still remains. Edgar Rice Burroughs’ novel, Tarzan, is a discourse on our fascination with otherness: our reactions to â€Å"the other,† and our desire to discover how the other sees us. Burroughs’ has structured the novel so that readers are forced out of their traditional roles, taking on those of The Other. In so doing, readers see things about themselves that were invis ible to their individual selves, but obvious to outsiders. Burroughs avoids using this technique to reveal any great truths about society, choosing rather to entertain and amuse, but through entertaining his readers, he cannot help but give them a vehicle for rediscovering themselves. In Tarzan, there are two main kinds of â€Å"other,† two worlds, juxtaposed. Tarzan and his jungle constitute one world; Jane and â€Å"civilization† constitute another. Orbiting these two main worlds, are several moons, such as the Mbonga village and the mutineers. Tarzan might even be considered a moon, since there is no one like him, and he belongs to no group but his own. Tarzan’s jungle world would likely be foreign to most rea... ...girl, but found a new sense of self and identity, as does the reader. Burroughs has taken the readers on a journey away from themselves and into a place they could never go alone. He takes them outside of themselves, away from all that is safe and predictable, and gives them a chance to be reborn as an â€Å"other.† And in remaking the reader into an â€Å"other,† the reader is naturally given the opportunity to see society, and perhaps even his own little corner of society, through new eyes. He warns the reader to remember the feelings evoked by Tarzan and to be true to his new self. It is not only the places or events described in Tarzan that make it so enduringly entertaining; it is the chance to see our own lives as something unique, unusual, and significant. Works Cited: Burroughs, Edgar Rice. Tarzan: The Adventures of Lord Greystoke. Ballantine Books, 1972.

Petsmart Company Profile

Petsmart Inc. was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona. PetSmart is a provider of products, services and solutions for the needs of pets. It offers multiple lines of products for all the life phases of pets, and offers various pet services including: training, boarding day camp, and professional grooming. It also offers pet products through an e-commerce site, PetSmart. com, and operates a pet community site, pets. com. PetSmart also offers reptiles, fresh-water tropical fish, small pets, and birds. In addition, it provides pet services consisting of baths, teeth cleaning, grooming, toenail trimming, training, boarding, and day camp. According to Yahoo Finance, the company operates hospitals that offer boarding for dogs and cats, an on-call veterinarian, temperature controlled rooms and suites, daily specialty treats and play time, and day camp for dogs. The company does not sell dogs or cats, but provides space in most stores for adoption and animal welfare organizations to use. It features dog and cat foods, many of which are not available in supermarkets, warehouse clubs or other mass and general retail merchandisers, and also its proprietorship label foods According to Reuters, the company’s stores range in size from 18,000 to 27,000 square feet. It offers more than 10,000 items, including brand names, as well as a selection of its own brands across a wide range categories. PetSmart veterinary services consist of routine examinations and vaccinations, dental care, a pharmacy, as well as routine and complex surgical procedures. As of May 3, 2009, it operated 1,137 retail stores and 152 PetsHotels. Full-service veterinary hospitals in 734 of the company’s stores offer routine examinations and vaccinations, dental care, a pharmacy, and routine and complex surgical procedures. Medical Management International, Inc. operates 722 of these hospitals. PetSmart’s merchandise sales represented approximately 89. 6% of its net sales during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2009 (fiscal 2008). Merchandise generally falls into three main categories: hard-goods, consumables, and pets. Consumables merchandise sales includes pet food, treats, and litter. This categories sales comprised of 57% of its net sales in fiscal 2008. Pet services, which include grooming, training, boarding and day camp, represented 10. 4% of the company’s net sales in fiscal 2008. References _PETM: Summary for PetSmart, Inc- Yahoo! Finance. (n. d. ). Yahoo! Finance – Business Finance, Stock Market, Quotes, News. Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://finance. yahoo. com/q? s=PETM_ _Reuters. com. (n. d. ). Business & Financial News, Breaking US & International News | Reuters. com. Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://www. reuters. com/finance/stocks/companyProfile? symbol=PETM. O_

Diels-Alder reaction Essay

Purpose: In this experiment a Diels-Alder reaction was used to form the products. Cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride were reacted together to form cis-Norbornene-5,6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride. 7-oxabicyclo{2.2.1}hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride was also produced through a Diels-Alder reaction with the combination of furan and maleic anhydride. Equation: Procedure: Part 1 In a flask equipped with a septum side arm and topped with distillation heat and a thermometer add 2.5ml of mineral oil. Heat the oil. At the end of the distillation heat place an ice filled beaker. When the oil reaches 250 °C inject 0.6ml of dicyclpentadiene drop wise through septum. Make sure the temperature does not go above 45 °C. The product is then weighed. Part 2 In a reaction tube place 0.20g maleic anhydride and 1.0ml of ethyl acetate then add 1.0ml of hexane. Then add 0.20ml of cyclopentadiene. Cool the tube in an ice bath. Remove solvent from crystals using pipette. Wash crystals with hexanes then remove solvent again. Allow crystals to dry. Part 3 In a flask place 2.4g maleic anhydride and add 20ml of diethyl ether. Dissolve mixture using hot plate then let cool to room temperature. Add 1.8ml of furane to the flask. Wrap the flask with Parafilm after placing a stopper on top of flask. Place the flask under the hood for the next lab period. Upon the return of the next class period the formed crystals were scrapped from the flask. The crystals were then weighed and melting points were observed. Discussion and Conclusion: A Diels-Alder reaction was used to produce the products of this experiment. The first reaction was cyclopentadiene with maleic anhydride to from the product of cis-Norbornene-5,6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride. Before that could be produced, dicyclopentadiene had to be cracked to get cyclopentadiene for the starting material. Cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride were mixed together and cooled to room temperature, which produced crystals. The solvent was pipette out of the tube to separate the crystals. The crystals were then scraped on the filter paper to get weight and melting points. The end product yielded 82.6%. The melting point was observed at 162-163 °C. This indicated a close to pure substance with the actual melting point being 165 °C. The second part of the experiment was the reaction of furan with maleic anhydride. This reaction produced 7-oxabicyclo{2.2.1}hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride. Maleic anhydride was combined with diethyl either to dissolve the solid. Then furan was added and place under the hood for the next class period. During this time crystals were formed in the stopped flask. The melting point for the end product was observed at 113-114 °C. This indicated that the product was exo. The percent yield was calculated at 5.98%. There were many sources of error that could have contributed to the results of these experiments. The end product could have cooled a little longer to form more crystals. Also the crystals could have been dried more to produce better melting points. Separating the solvent from the test tube was not completely precise and may  have lost some of the product in the extraction. Scraping the crystals out of the flask or test tube was not easy and some of the product was lost during this step. Overall the experiment was a success. Reference: Williamson, K.; Minard, R.; Masters, K. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 2011. Pg 617-629.

The First Mass Shooter Professor Ramos Blog

The First Mass Shooter Mass shooting are become increasingly more common.   Common enough that it can be looked at as a monster in and of itself. It is a monster that always escapes and keeps coming back (Cohen,2012) to haunt us. Sure the shooter may get arrested or even killed but a new one always seems to appear and commit an identical act of violence. Every time we turn on the news we hear of another school shooting or lone gunman shooting up a nightclub and kill dozens of innocent people. It is a monster that brings with it crisis (Cohen, 2012). People now have a fear to go to public even, concerts, and festivals   because they think this monster will show up wreak havoc and chaos. This monster, mass shootings, first made its appearance in August 1, 1966 at the University of Texas by one man, Charles Joseph Whitman. On that day Charles Whitman ascended the universities clock tower and for 96 minutes rained down terror and death upon the students and people of Austin, Texas (Lavergne, 2007). Because of his act, Charles Whitman forever changed the world of law enforcement. Whitmans Killing spree did not start in the clock tower. It started the night before when He went to his mother house and stabbed   her to death with a hunting knife and then shot her in the back of the head. From there he went home where he found his wife laying in bed. He pulled back the cover and stabbed her several time   in the chest, hitting her heart. In the letter Charles wrote before going on his rampage he said that he planned on killing his mother and wife so that they would not have to live with the embarrassment of what he was about to do (lavergne, 1997). Armed with a M-1 carbine,   two hunting rifle, sawed off shotgun, and a couple of pistols he made his way to the clock tower (Wallenfeldt, 2018). Hiding the guns in a footlocker and dressing in coveralls to look like a maintenance man he ascended the clock tower in the elevator. When he got to the 28th floor he bludgeoned the receptionist to death and shot and killed to other two people in the tower.   Whitman laid out his arsenal of weapons round the observation deck and took up his position. At 11:50am Charles Whitman fired the first of 150 shots (Wallenfeldt, 2018). The first bullet pierced the abdomen of a pregnant woman and killed the unborn baby instantly. The next bullet kill the womans boyfriend (Wallenfeldt, 2018). From there he began killing and wound people indiscriminately. Because of his elevation Whitman had a shooting range of five city blocks. When people finally realized what was going on the hid and ran for cover in stores and behind cars. Most of the killing and wounding happened in the first 15 to 20 minutes of the shooting. Before the rampage would end Whitman would claim the live of 14 people, not including his mother and wife, and wounding another 31 people. Once word got out over the police radios about the shooting law enforcement started to gather in great numbers. Local law enforcement, off duty police, sheriffs, and even armed citizens showed up to help. However they were not prepared for what awaited them. For over an hour law enforcement and civilians fought with Whitman to no avail. They even sent in a plain with shar pshooters to fly around the tower to try and take out Whitman but were forced to retreat due to his barrage of bullets (Lavergne, 1997). Unable to get a clear shot at Whitman and unable to help the people lying wounded in the street everything seemed hopeless.   It wasn’t until a team of two officers, Ramiro Martinez and Houston McCoy, along with two other civilians were able to make it to the base of the tower and use the elevator to make it to the top and finally shoot and kill Whitman (Wallenfeldt, 2018). There are several theories as to what would compel Whitman to commit such an act of violence. Some people believe that it was his troubled upbring. Whitman had a strict and abusive father that demanded perfection out of his sons.   Everything was either â€Å"yes sir† or â€Å"no Sir† (Lavergne, 1997). If not it meant a beating. His father was also very abuse to his wife, â€Å"I did on many occasions beat my wife, but I loved her† (Lavergne, 1997). But being abused isn’t enough to cause someone to want to go on a mass killing spree. If every kid that was abused by their parents went on a killing spree there would no doubly be one almost every day. Other think it was his time in the Marines that may have added fuel to the child abused fire that was already inside him that pushed him over the edge, but   that doesn’t sound quite right either. While in the Marine Whitman excelled in combat training and was even give a sharpshooter badge, but he wa s an outstanding soldier (Lavergne, 1997). He was even give a scholarship from the military to go to school and become an engineer as part of on of their leadership programs. I believe what was the final straw was the tumor growing in his brain. When an autopsy was performed on Whitman they found a tumor the size of a pecan (Wallenfeldt, 2018). Brain tumors have been known to cause mood swings, changes in personality and temper (American Brain Tumor Association). Whitman even claim to struggle with bouts of unexplainable rage and anger (Lavergne, 1997) and even visited several university doctors (Wallenfeldt, 2018). In his farewell note he asked for an autopsy to be done no him to see if there might be something wrong with him (Lavergne, 1997). It was most likely the tumor that was the precipitating cause that brought him to kill. His abusive father was a necessary cause to make him join the Marine and the Marines was the   necessary cause that made him such an effective killer. Because of Whitmans military train and clever planning, law enforcement was force to change and evolve. Something like had never happened before. The concept of an â€Å"active shooter had not yet exist (Wallenfeldt, 2018) until then and a answer was need for this new problem. Enter SWAT, Special Weapons And Tactics. The Texas Tower incident, among others, is often cited as a key impetus for the development of these new specialized teams designed for effective response to the criminal use of military style weapons, hostage taking, and increasingly organized terrorist activities (tang, et al., 2007). Small teams of military trained officers started popping up in agencies all over the country. Today annual national SWAT conferences are held so that law enforcement agencies can share their tactical knowledge so that they might be better prepared for any situation they might encounter (Carmona, 2003), even the next Charles Whitman Serial Killer Annotated Bibliography. Carmona, Richard H. â€Å"The History and Evolution of Tactical Emergency Medical Support and Its Impact on Public Safety.† Topics in Emergency, vol. 25, no. 4, 2003, pp. 277–281. This journal article talks about how the Whitman shooting had sparked a change in EMS would have to operate during a hostile mass casualty situation. Because of what Whitman had done it changed how law enforcement and EMS worked. This is from a scholarly journal so i believe it to be reliable. Lavergne, Gary M. A Sniper in the Tower: the Charles Whitman Murders. Bantam, 1998. This is a book that goes into great detail about Whitmans life before the shootings and the shootings themselfs. I will use this as a reference when explaining what happened during the clock tower shooting. The book was show on google scholar and has a detailed source sighted page so i believe it to be reliable. Tang, Nelson, and Gabor D. Kelen. â€Å"Role of Tactical EMS in Support of Public Safety and the Public Health Response to a Hostile Mass Casualty Incident.† Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, vol. 1, no. S1, 2007, doi:10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181468790 This article talks about how the Texas shoot helped shaped the new guideline for how EMS and SWAT would operate during a mass shooting or mass casualty situation. This will be used to show the effect Whitmans killings made on first responders. This article was written by medical doctors and has a good source sighted page. Wallenfeldt, Jeff. â€Å"Texas Tower Shooting of 1966.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 25 July 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Texas-Tower-shooting-of-1966. This talks about Whitman, the shooting and the aftermath of the shootings. I plan on referencing this when talking about the shooting and how it affected law enforcement and EMS. Since it is from the Encyclopedia Britannica I believe it to be reliable. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Theses)(Extract).† Speaking of Monsters, 2012, pp. 15–18., doi:10.1057/9781137101495_2. This journal defines and breaks down what a monster really is and how to identify them. This will help me show how mass shootings have become a new form of monster. I believe this to be reliable because you said so, and your the one passing out the grades. Charles J. Whitman. 1963. Photo Whitmans Arsenal. 1966. Photo Whitmans Wife. 1 Aug. 1966. Photo Clock Tower View. 1966. Photo Clock Tower View 2. 1966. Photo SWAT. Photo

Free Essays on Prohibition Failure

Prohibition Failure On January 17th 1920 the eighteenth amendment was passed. From that day forward: â€Å"The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes.† was prohibited. (U.S. Constitution) These additions to the U.S. constitution was organized to reduce crime and the tax burden due to prison and poorhouses, solve social problems, and overall improve the health of America (Thorton, 1). However, the outcome of the new amendment had a reverse effect than predicted. Overall it was ineffective because it was unenforceable; it caused an explosive growth of crime, and inevitably increased the amount of alcohol consumption. Shortly after the ratifying of the Eighteenth Amendment, the National Prohibition Act, or the Volstead Act, as it was called because of its author, Andrew J. Volstead, was carried out. This determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of anything more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. From this, law enforcement officers had guidelines to follow to determine specific laws and methods of enforcement. Although one would assume prohibition would enhance the difficulty of obtaining alcohol, liquor was in fact very easy to obtain. The bootlegging business was so colossal; customers could easily obtain alcohol by simply walking down any random street. Illegal speak-easies took the places of shut-down saloons. â€Å"There were twice as many speak-easies in Rochester, New York, as saloons closed by Prohibition† (Thorton, 6). Secretly concealed in cellars, offices, they permited only those with membership cards to purchase from them. Bootleggers’ illegally imported liquor, stole from government storehouses, or made their own, making it effortless for customers to acquire. ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Prohibition Failure Free Essays on Prohibition Failure Prohibition Failure On January 17th 1920 the eighteenth amendment was passed. From that day forward: â€Å"The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes.† was prohibited. (U.S. Constitution) These additions to the U.S. constitution was organized to reduce crime and the tax burden due to prison and poorhouses, solve social problems, and overall improve the health of America (Thorton, 1). However, the outcome of the new amendment had a reverse effect than predicted. Overall it was ineffective because it was unenforceable; it caused an explosive growth of crime, and inevitably increased the amount of alcohol consumption. Shortly after the ratifying of the Eighteenth Amendment, the National Prohibition Act, or the Volstead Act, as it was called because of its author, Andrew J. Volstead, was carried out. This determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of anything more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. From this, law enforcement officers had guidelines to follow to determine specific laws and methods of enforcement. Although one would assume prohibition would enhance the difficulty of obtaining alcohol, liquor was in fact very easy to obtain. The bootlegging business was so colossal; customers could easily obtain alcohol by simply walking down any random street. Illegal speak-easies took the places of shut-down saloons. â€Å"There were twice as many speak-easies in Rochester, New York, as saloons closed by Prohibition† (Thorton, 6). Secretly concealed in cellars, offices, they permited only those with membership cards to purchase from them. Bootleggers’ illegally imported liquor, stole from government storehouses, or made their own, making it effortless for customers to acquire. ï ¿ ½...

5 Unique Questions to Ask in a Job Interview

5 Unique Questions to Ask in a Job Interview We all know the line we’re supposed to work into the â€Å"Do you have any questions for us?† section of the interview. Typically, we take a deep breath and ask our interviewer to talk us through a typical day in that particular office so that we can get a idea of the workplace culture. It’s a great question. But everyone is asking it, pretty much verbatim. Here are five alternative versions that will help distinguish you from your fellow interviewees, and will also be a refreshing way to get the same answers from your interviewer.1. â€Å"What do you feel prepared you most for this job?†It’s sort of a backwards way in, but you’ll find your interviewer will end up emphasizing the parts of her background that were most useful for acclimating to that particular environment. You’ll get a sense of the size and scope and daily feel of the company from which of her skills were the most appropriate preparation for the job.2. â€Å"What makes this [company] special?†No matter what kind of company it is, asking how it distinguishes itself from others in the field can be very revealing. If it’s all about hard numbers and results, that will tell you one thing. If it emphasizes personal relationships and loyalty, that’ll tell you something else.3. â€Å"Why are you excited about filling this position?†This might be the best way of discovering your boss’s goals and whether your vision of the job aligns with their vision of the job, or the particulars of what you’d be doing day to day.4. â€Å"How do your company’s values affect your work on any given day?†Probably best to do a bit of homework first and have a specific value in mind when you ask this one. One that company has been explicit about in its marketing materials or in the job listing. It’s a good way of showing off your thorough preparations for the interview, and also making sure the company is really do ing what they say they care most about.5. â€Å"How would you describe the leadership style here?†This is probably the best way of finding out if you’re going to be walking into a nest of micromanagers, without the stigma of actually asking that outright. And it’s a great way to see whether your working style will jive with your boss’s working style.

Report on TESCO using a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Report on TESCO using a case study - Essay Example Recently, Philip Clarke, chief executive officer of the firm, has declared that they are opening new spaces of 700000 square feet in order to build new supermarkets. Additionally, Tesco is launching new restaurants for attracting more customers in the supermarkets (Wood, 2014). The technological innovations made by the company are its rare resources in business. The company has developed new electronic self edge labels. Tesco has also introduced a new application for Smartphone and tablet users, named HUDL. This application would allow customers to check product availability in Tesco supermarkets (Wood, 2014). The workers are highly trained and help to enhance overall productivity of business. In addition, the company has recently introduced the new semi-automatic store picking service. Such services of the company are delivered by refrigerated delivery vans. These service resources of the firm are imitable; but, would involve high costs for its competitors (Peng, 2008). The rare and valuable resources of the company can be used appropriately only with the essence of efficient organizational framework. All inbound and outbound logistics branches of the company comprise expert teams of workers who aid in enhancement of quality of services across all the marketplaces. The firm encourages participatory atmosphere in workplaces and hence, constantly implements ways by virtue of which commercial prosperity can be effectively fostered. Initially, majority of company’s profits were generated from its U.K. marketplaces. However, over time, Tesco has expanded its scope of business internationalization and a substantial amount of the profit is yielded from other nations, apart from U.K. Figure 1 in the Appendix shows total turnovers of Tesco from international markets in 2007. Figure 2 in the Appendix shows that from 1998 to 2007, financial resources of Tesco had substantially increased. From 2011 to 2012,

Turner Construction Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Turner Construction Company - Essay Example Turner Construction It was founded in the year 1902 by Henry Chandlee Turner with a start-up capital of $25,000 in New York City and one of its first jobs was to build a concrete vault for the Thrift bank in Brooklyn, value of which was only $600. From those humble beginnings, it started carrying out large scale projects both in the private and government sector throughout America, only pausing during the World Wars, when it diverted its focus in the construction of military camps and other government buildings. Tuner and his family members as well as representatives managed the company for close to 90 years, until 1999, when it was acquired by the German construction company HOCHTIEF Germany for $370 million. With the takeover by Hochtief AG, Turner Construction Company got access to majority of Hochtief’s operations in geographical territories like United Kingdom, Australia, etc., as well as to the clients in the heavy construction field. Thus, it is operating as the subsidiary of HOCHTIEF in o ver 40 countries, employing around â€Å"6,000 internal employees and tens of thousands of subcontractors working on up to 1,500 job sites at any given time in 30 states and multiple countries.† (Whitney 2007).... That is, according to some experts, construction industry comes under the manufacturing sector. As Valence (2010) states, as the construction industry provides services like management, coordination and other finances related activities, it has to be classified as a service industry. However, he (2010) further adds that as it also develops and delivers products like buildings and structures, it can be constituted under the manufacturing sector. Langford and Male (2008) validates this confusion by stating that although it is commonly known as a service industry, it is a misnomer to classify so because it comes up physical products in the form of constructions. However at the same time Langford and Male (2008) provides a balanced stance by stating that given the nature and diversity of activities carried out in the construction industry, it can be classified both as a service as well as manufacturing industry. When the service and manufacturing aspect of Turner is focused, it seems tha t Turner Constructions views itself as the service industry. Because, it is stated to offer â€Å"a broad range of construction services, including general contracting, construction management, project management, design-build, multiple building programs, maintenance services, planning and preconstruction and feasibility studies.† (morgan.experience.com). Although, it offers all the above services to clients in all sectors, however, starting from the recessionary period in 2008, it has restricted itself to focusing on certain sectors. That is, the Turner Construction â€Å"learned a tough lesson in diversification during the late 1980s and 1990s, when commercial contractors suffered from the overbuilding in that sector.† (Wood 2011). So, in

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL & ORGANISATIONAL HEALTH Essay

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL & ORGANISATIONAL HEALTH - Essay Example Stress, as a term, has been – and still is – an issue of diverse opinions. In the past, defining stress was an effort, mainly concentrated on the physiological side of the problem. However; stress in nowadays’ terms can be expanded to a notion covering a much wider range of mental and physical reactions to various stimuli. According to sources of the American Stress Association (AIS), stress could be defined as â€Å"a condition or feeling, experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize†. Also listed are other classifications, defining stress as "the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change," as well as â€Å"the sense of having little or no control.† A common idea of the aforesaid information is the mention of a feeling or experience (positive or negative), caused by a reaction to outside good or bad factors, respectively. So, in order to proceed with th e term, having a domain that is adequately large, stress shall be thus generalized. On with its analysis, a further look at causes of stress, or specifically distress, would be of significance. In the conditions of a lifestyle, so rapid as it is today, stress is simply inevitable. The jobs of people quite often require them to meet deadlines, push for higher productivity, compete with other businesses or employees, and â€Å"increasing pressure on the individual worker to constantly operate at peak performance,† among a number of other things which produce an effect on anyone’s nervous system, namely stress (Stress at Work). In addition, the current economic recession ads heat to the situation at the job. â€Å"Reorganizations, takeovers, mergers, downsizing and other changes have become major stressors for employees,† which is now common, regardless of profession and age. Of course, there are supplementary factors, such as adjusting toward work

Womens Studies Technology of Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Womens Studies Technology of Gender - Essay Example In most of the earlier technologies, most of the software part is in making the hardware work to the advantage of the user. For instance, car is a major technology achievement; every automobile is. However, in the earlier days, cranking the car, starting it up and driving it safely; all these were expected as knowledge for the person who drives the car. In other words, this is the software that is expected out of the user to make use of the hardware that is called the car. So is the case with most of the technologies today. More and more products in the technology front would mean that the person who makes use of it has to be technology savvy and applies more technology to run or make use of the 'technological' hardware. This is more so, in the case of those objects specifically made for the women. The technology employed for those gadgets exclusively used by the women has grown in their dimensions and so is the software part for that gadget as well. The feminine technologies drive at making the right kind of gadget for the women in the form and manner best suited for them and their operation (McGraw 20) . A car is not designed for a woman. It is made for a man and given to women to make use of! However, there are specific devices and gadgets that a... We will also analyse the extent to which feminine technology and the technology of genders have an impact on the social, political and cultural aspects of our society. Hip Hugger Laundry Basket The hip hugger laundry basket is not a 'great' invention but addresses the need of a woman at home. The technologies that matter most are employed with the understanding of how the work is done at home. It is supposed for carrying at the hip with one hand and other hand free to hold on to a rail while climbing stairs or for whatever other purpose. This is supposed to be large enough to take care of the normal requirement of a family in holding the clothes. It should be soft on the hip but at the same time hard enough not to break down easily when it is fully loaded. This is not a great requirement from the hardware point of view of the technology. There are a number of soft plastics that could be soft on the hip and be hard enough not to break when loaded. However, the software for using this product is not that easy. It is not easy for, say men, to carry something of this kind on their hips. Only with practice it can be placed appropriately and be carried for on the hips. Additionally, when this is carried for long distances, say up the stairs, the pain in the hips is certainly high. And that is possibly the reason why they have also provided alternate grips on the sides of the basket so that they can be carried with both hands. In which case, they are no better than the other baskets that women have been using all along. The only comforting factor in the hip hugger basket is that it hugs the hip reasonably well and is made ergonomically. This makes the hip hugger what it name claims to be but this is not a full time hip hugger and

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History paper - Essay Example In the New York City and the Southern Colonies, the Dutch first introduced slavery which was later taken over by the English. The main difference was that the Southern Colonies stopped importing slaves. They laid strategies which increased the population of the slaves. They provided them with a health service, clothing, food and shelter conditions that were fair and encouraged them to reproduce. The number of American-born slaves increased in the southern colonies more than in the New York City. In the Dutch rule, slavery was introduced to the city of New York for the first time. Before this period, the Dutch agricultural laborers could work in Netherlands and get payment. It was not successful as the migrants desired to get more income in the well-paid fur trade and go back to their home nation in comfort. The company, therefore, preferred slavery and luckily, the Dutch colonies had established it in the Southern African, Southeast Asia, and Caribbean. Some Native Americans were first enslaved, followed by some Indians. However they could easily escape as they knew the terrains. The Americans also feared they could affect the lucrative fur trade if they continued enslaving the Indians. They opted for African slaves. The slaves’ principal works was to lay roads, clear forests and do other heavy work and services of the public colony. Over-reliance on African slaves by the company was due to lack of workers. The Dutch describe the African slaves as treacherous and pro ud, even though, the foundation of the coming of New York City was laid by the slaves. They started importing other seasoned African slaves from the Caribbean sugar colonies. The colony and the New Amsterdam were taken over by the English in 1644. There was a lot of work to be done, and they imported more slaves. The slaves from Africa performed both unskilled and skilled work in areas like

A history of the play and the playwright plus a list of works Essay

A history of the play and the playwright plus a list of works referenced - Essay Example He was, in the eyes of the world, an ordinary young man. But he was soon to prove them wrong. Shakespeare came into the picture in 1592, as an actor and dramatist. The exact date of his entrance in the theatrical world is as yet, not known, but it is believed to be the late 1500s. And still, the first published work of the infamous William Shakespeare was seven years after his demise, in the year 1616, a result of the efforts of his companions and colleagues. It was called, The Great Folio of 1623 (Honigmann 1-12). His works were considered classic during his lifetime, but the fame was nothing which came after his demise. Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets mostly followed the genre of tragedy, yet in the later part of his career, he wrote romantics, or tragic comedies. But it was the tragedies that really took place into the hearts and souls of men. He gave authenticity to his tragedies by relating them to real historical instances; however, the plays were not in the exact timeli ne of these instances (Bevington 50-68). His tragedies are renowned for a reason. â€Å"Shakespeare’s language, his insight into the characters, and his dramaturgical inventiveness set his tragedies apart from any else† (McAlindon 1-22). Any exceptional play or book is exalted in the words, â€Å"like a Shakespearean tragedy†. However, no tragedy can ever touch the bar set by Shakespeare. It is that reason that his tragic works became so distinguished. â€Å"A tragedy is an intense exploration of suffering and evil focused on the experience of an exceptional individual, distinguished by rank or character or both† and Shakespeare’s had it and more (McAlindon 1-22). One such Shakespearean Tragedy was the story of Caesar. Shakespeare’s main source for the play is Plutarch's famous biography  The Life of Julius Caesar, written in Greek in the 1st century and translated into English in 1579 by Sir Thomas North. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar was published in the First Folio in 1623; however, it was performed on stage before that. The earliest performance of the play that has been recorded was in Shakespeare’s time. It was held in the Globe Theatre (possibly), on the twenty first of September, 1599 (Ripley 13-14). It was Thomas Platter, a Swiss traveller, who saw and recorded this play which has been the earliest record of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. According to his memoirs, the play was performed by excellent actors in a â€Å"strewn roof-house† at around 2 o’clock after dinner (Ripley). Shakespeare’s writing on Caesar was not the first, nor was it the last. Many writers wrote before him about the great Caesar, and even more wrote after Shakespeare. Yet none was able to capture the beauty of the story; no one portrayed better the betrayals, the morbid qualities, the desperation and the love in the story. It therefore, became most known as Shakespeare’s tragedy, rather than being known a s one of his numerous works. In fact, among all of Shakespeare’s plays, Caesar stands ninth in theatrical popularity; Macbeth, Othello Hamlet and such preceding it (Raffel xvii-xix). Caesar himself appears very few times throughout the play, however. It is the chaos that reigns after his death that captivates the audience. A particularly famous one that I love is the twentieth century production by Orson Welles. George Orson Welles remains one of the most famous of all Hollywood’s directors. He was also a writer and his take on this play

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History paper - Essay Example In the New York City and the Southern Colonies, the Dutch first introduced slavery which was later taken over by the English. The main difference was that the Southern Colonies stopped importing slaves. They laid strategies which increased the population of the slaves. They provided them with a health service, clothing, food and shelter conditions that were fair and encouraged them to reproduce. The number of American-born slaves increased in the southern colonies more than in the New York City. In the Dutch rule, slavery was introduced to the city of New York for the first time. Before this period, the Dutch agricultural laborers could work in Netherlands and get payment. It was not successful as the migrants desired to get more income in the well-paid fur trade and go back to their home nation in comfort. The company, therefore, preferred slavery and luckily, the Dutch colonies had established it in the Southern African, Southeast Asia, and Caribbean. Some Native Americans were first enslaved, followed by some Indians. However they could easily escape as they knew the terrains. The Americans also feared they could affect the lucrative fur trade if they continued enslaving the Indians. They opted for African slaves. The slaves’ principal works was to lay roads, clear forests and do other heavy work and services of the public colony. Over-reliance on African slaves by the company was due to lack of workers. The Dutch describe the African slaves as treacherous and pro ud, even though, the foundation of the coming of New York City was laid by the slaves. They started importing other seasoned African slaves from the Caribbean sugar colonies. The colony and the New Amsterdam were taken over by the English in 1644. There was a lot of work to be done, and they imported more slaves. The slaves from Africa performed both unskilled and skilled work in areas like

Manufacturing and Service Technologies Essay Example for Free

Manufacturing and Service Technologies Essay Manufacturing and Service Technologies technology refers to the work processes, techniques, machines, and actions used to transform organizational inputs into outputs. One important theme in this chapter is how core technology influences organization structure. Understanding core technology provides insight into how an organization can be structured for efficient performance. Core technology is the work process that is directly related to the organization’s mission. A non-core technology is a department work process that is important to the organization but is not directly related to its primary mission. Woodward developed a scale and organized the firms according to technical complexity of the manufacturing process. Technical complexity represents the extent of mechanization of the manufacturing process. High technical complexity means most of the work is performed by machines. Woodward’s scale consists of ten categories and these categories were further consolidated into three basic technology groups: The groups are consisted of small-batch and unit production, large-batch and mass production, and continuous-process production. Small-batch production relies heavily on the human operator; it is thus not highly mechanized. The large-batch is manufacturing process characterized by long production runs of standardized parts. In continuous-process production, the entire process is mechanized. Overall, the management systems in both unit-production and continuous -process technology are characterized as organic, as defined in Chapter 4. Mass production, however, is mechanistic, with standardized jobs and formalized procedures. When adopting a new technology, realign strategy, structure, and management process to achieve top performance. Lean manufacturing uses highly trained employees at every stage of the production process, who take a painstaking approach to details and problem solving to cut waste and improve quality. Lean manufacturing techniques have been implemented in hundreds of organizations all over the world and have led to dramatic improvements in quality, productivity, and efficiency. Service technologies are different from manufacturing technologies and, in turn, require a different organization design. The most obvious difference is that service technology produces an intangible output, rather than a tangible product. Hence, service organizations may have an organization structure with fewer boundary roles, greater geo-graphical dispersion, decentralization, highly skilled employees in the technical core, and generally less control than in manufacturing organizations. The feature of service technologies with a distinct influence on organizational structure and control systems is the need for technical core employees to be close to the customer. The impact of customer contact on organization structure is reflected in the use of boundary roles and structural disaggregation. The text also introduces Non-Core Departmental technology, as the section that shifts to the department level of analysis for departments not necessarily within the technical core. The framework that has had the greatest impact on the understanding of departmental technologies was developed by Charles Perrow. Perrow specified two dimensions of departmental activities: Variety and Analyzability. Variety is the frequency of unexpected and novel events that occur in the conversion process. Analyzability is when the work can be reduced to the mechanical steps and participants can follow an objective, computational procedure to solve problems. The dimensions of variety and analyzability form the basis for four major categories of technology: routine, craft, engineering, and nonroutine. (Daft) The text discusses both core and non-core work processes and their relationship to designing organization structure. The nature of the organization’s work processes must be considered in designing the organization for maximum efficiency and effectiveness. The text illustrates that forces affecting organization design come from both outside and inside the organization. External strategic needs create top-down pressure for designing the organization in such a way as to fit the environment and accomplish goals. This illustrates that today’s companies is that strategy, structure, and technology need to be aligned, especially when competitive conditions change. For example, several years ago, Dell created a business model to uild personal computers faster and cheaper, other computer manufacturers had to realign strategy, structure, and technology to stay competitive. Dell made PCs to order for each customer and sold most of them directly to consumers without expense of distributers or retailers. IBM for example, tried to differentiate their products and charge a premium price switched to a low-cost strategy, adopted new technology to enable them to customize PCs, revamped supply chains, and began outsourcing manufacturing to other companies that could do the job more efficiently.

A Case Study on Amazon

A Case Study on Amazon The organization additionally plans to augment the estimation of its venture by likewise utilizing innovation to give more extensive and better vender stages, web administrations, computerized activities, and development of new and existing item classes. This demonstrates that engineering is at the center of the organizations business methodology, and will remain so for quite a while. The organization has received a long haul business method, which has seen it through troublesome times. Subsequently it must be said that the organization has been exceptionally viable at creating and executing business methods that rely on upon engineering The accomplishment of Amazon depends in the practical administration of its administrations and utilization of data innovation. The plan of action of Amazon is reflected by its brand and the chain of clients with a huge developing client database, its conveyance channels and easy to use web store front Amazon for this situation benchmarks the business-to-purchaser technique catching up the coordination idea and making a harmony in the middle of obtaining and offering. In straightforward words, the rent is to be sure the same as that in the physical world (retail locations, mail request, wholesalers). An alternate methodology made by Amazon is the client connection administration which is fundamentally a business technique to choose and deal with the association with clients in order to streamline the worth to an endeavor in long haul. This business system obliges a client situated business reasoning and society to help and encourage powerful advertising procedures over all immediate and circuitous client dispersion channels The business is recognized regarding business exercises, for example, business to business (B2b), business to clients (B2c) or customers to purchasers (C2c). Amazon catches up business to client show and puts stock in offering its clients the best administration Amazons B2b technique has two prongs – one to place contenders items close by its items through its affiliate stage, and two, to structure vital cooperations with different organizations to dispatch diverse brands client strengthening is a key gimmick of ecommerce. With a couple of clicks, clients can skip starting with one site then onto the next. The way to holding clients in this situation is to guarantee that the clients are furnished with all that they need in the site. Value examination destinations are the best of companion of todays sharp clients. Amazon has ripped in on this side of the business through its affiliate stage. By giving affiliates a space on its principle site, the organization is giving the little organizations a space on an exceptionally known site. This is an extremely alluring playing point to numerous organizations. Amazon likewise picks up by this game plan in two ways –it makes a benefit when the affiliate makes a deal, it additionally keeps hold of adroit clients by not giving them a chance to leave the site. Other huge contenders have really missed out on a significant open door for this situation Amazons second B2b procedure of making vital partnerships is however somewhat imperfect in that it is debilitating its fundamental brand name by making a lot of people more littler brand names. Generally as Wal-Mart has started to pine boxes, and Tesco broadband, Amazon ought to have the capacity to effortlessly extend its item go without losing its place in charge of Internet ecommerce. On the other hand, the organization has fail to do this. Its shoe store, Endless.com is a prime sample of a line of item that could have been incorporated under the Amazon.com pennant – if Amazon.com as of now offers clothing, why would it be able to not offer shoes? Endless.com has truth be told turned into a contender to Amazon.com, therefore debilitating the organization The business demonstrates fruitful with client based items like books, electronic utilities, basic need and so forth. Besides, the business permits spreading the business from national fringes to global limits. Thusly, the business examination demonstrates that the e-retailers deal worldwide was pretty nearly US $438 Billion in 2008 It was contended that there is a high rivalry in the business wherein the organizations that wish to enter the business sector needs monetary elements and the danger of high rivalry from existing entrenched firms. Notwithstanding, lower cost and item benefit conveyance has turned into a pattern of e-trade with a specific end goal to win piece of the pie The staggering accomplishment of Amazon is credited to Bezos who made keen utilization of innovation and comprehended the idea of online business. With far reaching statistical surveying, item examination, client needs and requests and so forth. Bezos discovered favorable element in offering books because of the way that it obliged low aggregate transaction and picking up colossal business section of generally safe purchasers who makes restless purchasing of items on the web. Through outsized piece of the overall industry in books, incorporated systems, client administrations, item conveyance and better business acquisitions Amazon harvested the soil grown foods of its diligent work in this way remaining as a brand symbol in industry The Blue Ocean made by Amazon is the consequence of its separated and advanced client administration conveyance for its book business. Firstly, it had made simple for clients to pursuit books online with a large number of titles of books furthermore gave a secured installment strategy. Esteem advancement of Blue Ocean was upheld by making quality to clients fulfillment by inventive thoughts, for example, knowing their clients practices and information mining as a data advantage. Moreover, it likewise upgrades correspondence with its clients as inputs when the clients shop web giving the criticism of their shopping background. As the accomplishment from the earliest starting point depends in client center, the system intimated by Bezos constantly considered putting all the more in foundation and making utilization of incorporated client frameworks and administration operations and obviously the safe technique for instalment By making utilization of Hamel Prahalads system of being recognized Amazon made the web administration and distributed computing where any representative can run its business. It has been dissected that the income created by the web administration is past the ecommerce business The presentation of Amazons Kindle digital book peruser in 2007 was a shrewd development. Amazon has a secured and built place in the online market because of its lower costs, client comfort, productive conveyance, solid advertising aptitudes, web administration and administration. A year ago, it was guaranteed by Amazon that they sold 500000 Kindle digital book perusers accepted that the related books downloads and periodical membership would yield countless dollars. At this spot, Amazon takes position as red sea technique by beating existing rivalry on the grounds that there were numerous digital book perusers accessible in the recent past So as to survive this rival, Amazon needs to make stride forward and receive a Blue Ocean method approach. This might be possible by separation in item and ease. Thus, item separation can be as far as client administration conveyance or utilizing admirably engineering to grow their base. Notwithstanding that, they need to consider client Buying Hierarchy, their propensities and conduct and capacity development. Before settling on choice to buy item clients experience different capacities, for example, unwavering quality, comfort, value and capacity Amazons client administration theory is based on three client experience columns low costs, unfathomable choice, and quick, advantageous conveyance (Amazon,2009a). The organization expects that these needs wont change in the long haul. The organizations business procedure is rotated around fortifying its capacity to convey these three things to clients. It expects that by creating a notoriety for offering everything at the least expensive cost and speediest conveyance it will have the capacity to collect rehash business. Thus it is ready to take a littler overall revenue with individual things with the expectation that the volume of offers will permit it to make sufficient benefit The organizations client administration methodology is a round, depending toward oneself one. An organization that needs to offer its products at low costs will need to depend on producing a substantial volume of offers. An organization that hopes to have an extensive volume of offers will bring to the table a boundless choice of things, as it cant anticipate that clients will purchase the same things again and again. Brynjolfsson et al (2006, pg. 68) clarifies that clients have a more prominent profundity of inclination that can be served by a physical storefront, and Amazon has exploited this The organization likewise plans to amplify the estimation of its speculation by additionally utilizing innovation to give more extensive and better vender stages, web administrations, advanced activities, and extension of new and existing item classes. This demonstrates that engineering is at the center of the organizations business technique, and will remain so for quite a while. The organization has embraced a long haul business methodology, which has seen it through troublesome times. Thus it must be said that the organization has been exceptionally successful at creating and actualizing business procedures that rely on upon innovation.

The Moviegoer By Walker Percy Essay -- essays research papers

In Walker Percy’s story The Moviegoer, Binx Bolling, a Stockbroker on the verge of turning thirty is on a quest. Set in 1960 New Orleans during Mardi Gras Binx, an upper class southern gentleman sets out to find out about himself. Answer questions that have tugged at his soul. Questions about despair, everydayness, religion and romance. Binx is stuck in a quagmire. He must break out from this cloak of ennui and find the essence of being. But how? How can people, a person with a soul and a world at their fingertips be so inept at finding what makes them alive. Can it be found in religion or on the arm of a southern beauty? Maybe it can be found in the surrealism of a movie, or the excitement of making money. What if an answer is found? Will it frighten a person back to their everydayness? Some of these question are sound, others may be just thoughts in the authors mind, but they are questions that Binx must find out about. The following will talk about the idea of despair & everydayness and if others think about searching the way Binx Bol ling does. Binx is deathly afraid of being pulled into everydayness. That is to say that he does not want to fall into the trap of a daily, weekly of life long rut. He does not want to settle for just living just an existence. He wants to be noticed, to have the ability of excitement on a daily routine. To work hard and start a family and fight for what he thinks is a grand life. Only to realize years later that such a routine was estab...

Blood In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is about a struggle for power in Scotland. Macbeth, the main character, gets prophecies from three witches about his future accomplishments that will come to him. One of his prophecies is that Macbeth will become king, Macbeth hearing this he becomes ambitious and later kills the current King Duncan, making himself the new king. A tragic ending comes to Macbeth when the people leave him and his world collapses around him. Blood is a recurring theme in this play; the theme of blood shows the setting of the play at that time and the different moods and emotions acquired by the characters. This idea of blood in the characters mind reverse from the beginning of the play to the end. Blood traverses the play Macbeth.King Duncan is the first to bring up blood in the play. Scotland at this time is fighting Norway; Macbeth and his best friend, Banquo, lead the Scottish forces to victory. The blood brought up by Duncan shows the honor and the heroic deeds done by Macbeth. "What bloody man is that?" Duncan asked to which Malcolm tells him it is the sergeant who had saved him and fought honorably. The sergeant shares his story of how Macbeth has fought so honorably even outnumbered "carv’d out his passage." This valiant story with the bloody sergeant being weak from his war injuries enhances Macbeth’s heroic appearance. Duncan’s response to the story shows his respect for Macbeth and realization of Macbeth’s honor, "O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman!" Blood as it shows the good also shares the evil.Lady Macbeth portrays the evil side that blood offers to contrast with the good. Lady Macbeth hears from a messenger that the king shall arrive at the castle tonight. Lady Macbeth is the evil one of the pair while Macbeth seems full of good in this world Lady Macbeth sees opportunity. The only problem she finds wrong with herself is that she is a woman; she wishes that her weak female body change, "unsex me her, / and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ of direst cruelty!" With this change she wants her blood to become thick, thick blood would help Lady Macbeth become strong and let her kill without regret, "make thick my blood, / stop up th’ access and passage to remorse." Macbeth soon finds out what the word blood is to him.Macbeth after he has killed Duncan is in shock, h... ...ks, her maid and a doctor observe her. She rubs her hands together as if she was washing them. She continues to "wash" King Duncan’s blood away until she reminds herself of the bell she rang to summon her husband. "Out damned spot! out, I say!" When Lady Macbeth thought of Macbeth being king she thought that no one could oppose his power and killing Duncan wouldn’t cause any harm to her. "What need we fear who knows it, what none can call our power to account? —Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him?" She although adds that Duncan has a lot of blood and this reminds her of her guilt. This guilt plagues her and she is devastated in her dream when she realizes that, "Here’s the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand." Lady Macbeth’s perspective changed at this point on blood and she will later commit suicide.Imagery is a useful tool used by many authors. Shakespeare used "blood" as an image throughout his play to show the emotions and actions of characters as well as the mood for that part of the play. This imagery is useful because it describes the characters

Change management Essay

Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state. In this assignment I will be covering Rollin and Christine Glaser’s (1992) five elements to improve team effectiveness, IT management competencies, reasons for mergers and acquisitions in reference to South African businesses and roles leaders should play during the change process. In the aim to provide one with a better understanding of and insight of change management. Question 1 Rollin and Christine Glaser (1992) the five elements that contribute to the level of a team’s effectiveness over time. These are: †¢ Team mission, planning and goal setting; †¢ Team roles; †¢ Team operating processes; †¢ Team interpersonal relationships; and †¢ Inter team relations. Team mission planning and goal setting The most effective teams have a strong sense of their purpose, organize their work around that purpose, and plan and set goals in line with that purpose. Teams and individuals within teams must have a clear understanding of their objectives. Clarity of objectives together with a common understanding and agreement of these objectives are fundamental. Locke and Latham have identified that the very act of goal setting was a prime motivator for a team; the more your team sets clear goals the more likely it is to succeed. When implementing clear goal setting in a team it will increase the effectiveness ratio. Clear goals are even more substantial when teams are involved in change, partially because unless they know where they are going  they are unlikely to get there, and partly because a strong sense of purpose can mitigate some of the more harmful effects of change. Team roles The team should comprehend their own and other team members roles, and how these link to achieving the team objective. This becomes even more important with teams based remotely and some that are part-time working. The best way for a team to achieve its goals is for the team to be structured logically around those goals. Individual team members need to have clear roles and accountabilities. They need to have a clear understanding not only of what their individual role is, but also what the roles and accountabilities of other team members are. Clear roles have two useful functions. It contributes to a clear sense of purpose and it provides a supportive framework for task accomplishment. Team operating processes A team needs to have certain enabling processes in place for people to carry out their work together. These processes can be seen as ground rules for a team to adhere to. Certain things need to be placed that will allow the task to be achieved in a way that is as efficient and as effective as possible. Processes deals with the issues and decisions and how the team will respond to them in an efficient and effective way without disrupting the work process within the team. During the change process when team change typically puts pressures and priorities it can isolate people away from the team, the team operating processes can act like a lubricant, enabling a smooth healthy team to continually function. Areas that a team need actively label by discussing and agreeing include: †¢ Frequency, timing and agenda of meetings; †¢ Problem-solving and decision-making methodologies; †¢ Ground rules; †¢ Procedures for dealing with conflict when it occurs; †¢ Reward mechanisms for individuals contributing to team goals; †¢ Type and style of review process. Team interpersonal relationships To encourage team members to communicate with one another, share information, communicate openly, respect differences, which will increase relationships and understandings within the team. This all helps to build trust and a better working atmosphere. To achieve clear understanding of goals and roles, the team needs to work together to agree and clarify them. Operating processes must also be discussed and agreed. To achieve this level of communication, the interpersonal relationships within the team need to be in a relatively healthy state. Allowing for open communication that is assertive and task focused, as well as creating opportunities for giving and receiving feedback aimed at creating development. High levels of trust within a team are the foundation for coping with conflict. Inter-team relations Regular communication flows between teams are essential as they help to keep up with changing situations and ensure the right thing is being delivered. Teams cannot work in isolation with expecting in achieving their organizational objectives. The nature of organizations today are complex, sophisticated and with increasing loose and permeable boundaries. Teams need to connect more. It is also because the environment is changing faster and is more complex, so keeping in touch with information outside of your own team is a basic survival strategy. Question 2 IT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES †¢ Business deployment: A systematical procedure of implementing an activity, processes, programs, or systems to all concerning areas of an organization to achieve a particular outcome. Communicate the value offered by emerging IT organisations. This needs to be coupled with the use of IT teams, with good knowledge of IT, to improve IT solutions. Examination of the potential business value of new, emerging IT Utilization of multidisciplinary teams throughout the organization Effective working relationships among line managers and IT staff Technology transfer, where appropriate, of successful IT applications Platforms and services Adequacy of IT-related knowledge of line managers throughout the organization Visualizing the value of IT investments throughout the organization Appropriateness of IT policies Appropriateness of IT sourcing decisions Effectiveness of IT measurement systems †¢ External networks: The network outside a team’s internal network environment which can’t be controlled by the team or the organization. These needs are to create close partnerships with external companies to create more organisational awareness. Existence of electronic links with the organization’s customers Existence of electronic links with the organization’s suppliers Collaborative alliances with external partners (vendors, systems integrators, Competitors) to develop IT-based products and processes. †¢ Line technology leadership: Line technology leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task within the IT management environment. It is having the ability in organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. Users such as line managers and senior managers need to participate actively in leading IT  initiatives. Line managers’ ownership of IT projects within their domains of business responsibility Ability of employees throughout the organization to serve as Project Leaders. †¢ Process adaptiveness: The ability to change and adapt suitably and accordingly to suit the IT climate and are able to conform to the new conditions by means of modification. It is also about the companies track record in restructuring its processes, and the existence of an environment where employees can find and explore the functionality of IT systems. Ability of employees throughout the organization to learn about and subsequently explore the functionality of installed IT tools and Applications restructuring of business processes, where appropriate, throughout the organization Visualizing organizational activities throughout the organization. †¢ IT planning IT planning is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal within an information technology environment. It involves the creation and maintenance of a Strategic plan. The thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of an IT plan in relation to strategic planning, or integration of it with other plans. It combines with developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. Integration of business strategic planning and IT strategic planning Clarity of vision regarding how IT contributes to business value Effectiveness of IT planning throughout the organization Effectiveness of project management practices. †¢ IT infrastructure IT infrastructure is a combined set of hardware, software, networks, facilities, etc. In order to develop, test, deliver, monitor, control or support IT services. It controls the restructuring, design and architecture of data and networks etc. It is also about the appropriateness and flexibility of the underlying infrastructure which allows innovative IT practices to be emerged. restructuring of IT work processes, where appropriate Appropriateness of data architecture Appropriateness of network architecture Knowledge of and adequacy of the organization’s IT skill base Consistency of object (data, process, rules) definitions Effectiveness of software development practices. Question 3 Growth A lot of commercial mergers and acquisitions are about growing and expansion. Growth normally involves acquiring new customers. Merging or acquiring another company enables a faster way of growth, which detours around the unnecessary, long, tedious and uncertainty process of internally generated growth. It brings with it the risks and challenges of understanding the intended benefits of this activity. The appeal of immediate revenue growth must be weighed up against the negatives of asking management to run an even larger company. Massmart a South African firm has merged with American giants Wal-Mart in hopes to create more and new customers. It can also be about getting access to facilities, brands, trademarks, technology or even employees. This strategy was used to implement growth and expansion in this particular industry. Synergy It’s the cooperation of two or more organizations to produce a combined effect greater than when they were separate . If two organizations are  thought to have synergy, this indicates the potential ability of the two to be more successful when merged than they were apart. This usually translates into: Operating synergies are those synergies that allow firms to increase their operating income from existing assets ,increase growth or both. †¢ Growth in revenues through a newly created or strengthened product or service (hard to achieve) †¢ Cost reductions in core operating processes through economies of scale (easier to achieve) †¢ Financial synergies such as lowering the cost of capital (cost of borrowing, flotation costs) †¢ More competent, clearer governance (as in the merger of two hospitals). However, there may be other gains. Some acquisitions can be motivated by the belief that the acquiring company has better management skills, and can therefore man age the acquired company’s assets and employees more successfully in the long term and more profitably. Mergers and acquisitions can also be about strengthening quite specific areas, such as boosting research capability, or strengthening the distribution network. Diversification Diversification is about growing business outside the company’s traditional industry. This type of merger or acquisition was very popular during the third wave in the 1960s (see box). Although General Electric (GE) has flourished by following a strategy that embraced both diversification and divestiture, many companies following this course have been far less successful. Diversification may result from a company’s need to develop a portfolio through nervousness about the earning potential of its current markets, or through a desire to enter a more profitable line of business. The latter is a tough target, and economic theory suggests that a diversification strategy to gain entry into more profitable areas of business will not be successful in the long run (see Gaughan, 2002 for more explanation of this). A classic recent example of this going wrong is Marconi, which tried to diversify by buying US telecoms businesses. Unfortunately, this was just before the whole teleco ms market crashed, and Marconi suffered badly from this strategy. Integration to achieve economic gains or better services Another increasingly common motive for merger and acquisition activity is to achieve horizontal integration. A company may decide to merge with or acquire a competitor to gain market share and increase its marketing strength. Public sector organizations may merge purely to achieve cost savings (often a guiltily held motivation) or to enhance partnership working in the service of customers. Vertical integration is also an attraction. A company may decide to merge with or acquire a customer or a supplier to achieve at least one of the following: †¢ A dependable source of supply; †¢ The ability to demand specialized supply; †¢ Lower costs of supply; †¢ Improved competitive position. An example of this in South Africa is when Glaxo-Smith Kline (GSK) one of the largest pharmaceutical company worldwide decided to merge with Aspen Pharmaceuticals (Largest Pharmaceutical Company in South Africa) in order to get a better hold of its market position in Africa and by obtaining tenders and contracts by the government to supply local communities within South Africa generic medication and also anti-retrovirals. Defensive measures Some mergers are defensive and are a response to other mergers that threaten the commercial position of a company. Pressure to do a deal, any deal  There is often tremendous pressure on the CEO to reinvest cash and grow reported earnings (Selden and Colvin, 2003). He or she may be being advised to make the deal quickly before a competitor does, so much so that the CEO’s definition of success becomes completion of the deal rather than the longer-term programme of achieving intended benefits. This is dangerous because those merging or acquiring when in this frame of mind can easily overestimate potential revenue increases or costs savings. In short, they can get carried away. Feldmann and Spratt (1999) warn of the seductive nature of merger and acquisition activity. ‘Executives everywhere, but most particularly those in the world’s largest corporations and institutions, have a knack for falling prey to their own hype and promotion.  Implementation is simply a detail and shareholder value is just around the corner. This is quite simply delusional thinking.’ Question 4 There are various views about the role a leader should play in the change process †¢ The machine metaphor implies that the leader sits at the top of the organization, setting goals and driving them through to completion. †¢ The political system metaphor implies that the leader needs to become the figurehead of a powerful coalition which attracts followers by communicating a compelling and attractive vision, and through negotiation and bargaining. †¢ The organism metaphor says the leader’s primary role is that of coach, counsellor and consultant. †¢ The flux and transformation metaphor says the leader is a facilitator of emergent change. Different types of leaders have different types of role. Local line leaders These are the front-line managers who design the products and services and make the core processes work. Without the commitment of these people, no significant change will happen. These people are usually very focused on their own teams and customers. They rely on network leaders to link them with other parts of the organization, and on executive leaders to create the right infrastructure for good ideas to emerge and take root. Executive leaders These are management board members. Senge does not believe that all change starts here. Rather, he states that these leaders are responsible for three key things: designing the right innovation environment and the right infrastructure for assessment and reward, teaching and mentoring local line leaders, and serving as role models to demonstrate their commitment to values and purpose. Network leaders Senge makes the point that the really significant organizational challenges occur at the interfaces between project groups, functions and teams. Network leaders are people who work at these interfaces. They are guides, advisors, active helpers and accessors (helping groups of people to get resource from elsewhere), working in partnership with line leaders. They often have the insight to help local line leaders to move forward and make changes happen across the organization. The interconnections are hard to achieve in reality. We have observed the following obstacles to achieving smooth interconnection between the different roles: †¢ Executive leaders are busy, hard-to-get-hold-of people who can become quite disconnected from their local line leaders. †¢ Executive leaders and local line leaders rarely meet face to face and communicate by e-mail, if at all. †¢ Network leaders, such as internal consultants or process facilitators, are often diverted from their leadership roles by requests either to perform expert tasks or to implement HR-led initiatives. †¢ Network leaders may be busy and effective, but are usually undervalued as leaders of change. They often have to battle to get recognized as important players in the organization. Senge’s model recognizes the need for all three types of leader, and the need for connectivity between different parts of the organization if change is desired. Conclusion: It’s more appropriate in anticipating objections than to spend your time putting out fires,(prevention is better than cure) and understanding how to overcome resistance to change is a essential part of any change management plan. Expecting resistance to change and planning for it from the start of your change management course of action will allow you to effectively and effectively manage objections. Not dealing with change proactively is one of the larger downfalls. In the end all sources of resistance to change need to be acknowledged and employee’s emotions validated in order to move forward with the change. Index Page Glossary of terms Introduction Question 1- Rollin and Christine Glaser (1992) five elements to improve team effectiveness Question 2- Discussing five categories of IT management competences Question 3- Reasons for mergers and acquisitions in reference to South Africa Question 4- Roles leaders play in the change process Conclusion Bibliography and References Glossary of terms Restructuring: This type of corporate action is usually made when there are significant problems in a company, which are causing some form of financial harm and putting the overall business in jeopardy. The hope is that through restructuring, a company can eliminate financial harm and improve the business Acquisition: An act of purchase of one company by another. Merger: The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company. Change: The act or instance of making or becoming different. Resistance: The refusal to accept or comply with something, the attempt to prevent something by action or argument. Cognitive: The mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. References and bibliographies Cameron ,E, Green ,M. â€Å"Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change†. Kogan Page Publishers, (2012) Kotter, J. (July 12, 2011). â€Å"Change Management vs. Change Leadership -What’s the Difference?† Filicetti, John (August 20, 2007). â€Å"Project Management Dictionary†. Conner, Daryl (August 15, 2012). â€Å"The Real Story of the Burning Platform†. Anderson, D. & Anderson, L.A. (2001). Beyond Change Management: Advanced Strategies for Today’s Transformational Leaders.